Crop Diseases in the Philippines

Oval, gray green spots on the sheath near the water that climb the plant.

Local names: Mata mata (Tagalog and Bisaya), agupaw (Waray), taya taya (Cebuano in Mindanao)

Local names: Nauga nga dahon and natala nga tanum (Cebuano), nadurot nga tanum (Waray), naggapula (Ilonggo), and kresek for the seedling wilt

Leaves that turn yellow or orange yellow, starting at the tip and spreading down the blade.

Small, circular, dark brown to purple brown spots on the leaves from tillering on.

A few grains on a panicle swell into balls that are over twice the size of a normal grain.

Narrow, water soaked streaks run between the veins of the leaf, with straight sides.

Oblong or irregular spots form on the top leaf sheath, with dark reddish brown edges and gray centers.

Thin, straight brown lines run parallel to the veins on the leaf and the upper sheath.

Plants are severely stunted, with many thin tillers and a grassy, rosette look.

Plants are severely stunted in the early growth stages, with short, dark green leaves.

Seedlings several inches taller than their neighbors, thin and arching over the healthy plants.

Small, irregular black spots on the outer leaf sheath at the waterline.

Pale or yellow stripes on the first true leaves of young seedlings.

Small, round to oval pustules on the leaves, brown, orange or brick red.

Long, narrow tan lesions along the leaf edge on the lower leaves, the first sign.

Water soaked, discolored bands and rings on the leaf sheaths, brown, tan or gray.

Plants that wilt or turn gray and brown while the grain is filling.

Pinkish white, cottony or powdery growth on the cob and between kernels, the sign of Fusarium.

Sudden wilting of the whole plant while the leaves are still green.

Gaps in the seedbed because seeds rotted before they sprouted.

Small brown spots with yellow edges appear first on the oldest, lowest leaves.

Brown or black patches start at the leaf tips and edges and spread fast across the veins.

Round white spots, like flour, appear on the leaves, the leaf stalks and the stems.

Yellow spots appear on older leaves, round at first, then angular between the veins.

Plants droop even though the soil is still wet.

Yellow to brown V shaped patches start at the leaf edge.

Water soaked spots appear on outer leaves, stems, heads or fruit, then grow and sink.

The leaf edges curl upward and inward, and the leaflets are small and puckered.

Small, round spots appear on the older leaves first.

Small, sunken spots with a white center appear on the leaves.

Plants stay stunted and uneven across the field, often in patches.

Local names: Kulot (twisted onion leaves)

Local names: Panama disease (banana)

New leaves come out narrow, short and stiff, and they crowd together at the top of the plant.

Small reddish brown flecks appear first on the underside of young leaves.

On Cavendish and other dessert bananas, leaves turn yellow and then wilt.

The leaves get a mottled mosaic of bright yellow and green.

Yellow, or chlorotic, spots appear on the leaves.

The spear leaf wilts or bends over, and may turn light green.

Leaves show a blotchy mottle, with yellow and green patches in an uneven pattern.

Small brown, oily spots appear on the pod and spread quickly.

Small spots of about 2 to 3 mm appear and grow to about 15 mm.

Small tan to brown oblong spots between the leaf veins that join into large dead patches across the leaf.

Grains turn pink, white and fluffy, or black when rain falls during flowering and grain filling, and they crumble at threshing.

A branch or the whole plant wilts, and white cottony threads with small round seed like balls cover the stem at the soil line.

Dark brown sunken patches circle the stem near the soil, peppered with tiny black dots, and the plant wilts and breaks.

Raised reddish brown pustules ringed with yellow form on the leaf underside and rub off as a rusty powder.

Leaves show light and dark green patches, pucker and curl down, and the pods are few and twisted.

Brown spots with a yellow ring, or dark brown to black spots on the leaf underside, and the leaves drop early.

Tiny orange to reddish brown pustules under the older leaves break open and shed a rusty powder.

Tiny tan to reddish brown spots with raised pustules on the underside of the lower leaves, which yellow and drop early.

Small bright orange yellow raised galls cover the leaves, stems and pods, which twist and curl when badly hit.

Plants yellow and wilt one by one, often at flowering and podding, with a purple band at the stem base and brown streaks inside the stem.

Stored tubers and roots soften, turn brown or black inside and grow white, green or black mold, starting at cuts and bruises.

Lower leaves yellow, shoots fall over at the collar, and the rhizome or corm turns soft, watery, brown and foul smelling.

Small corky brown scabs form on leaf veins and vines, and young leaves curl, twist and stay small.

Leaves show vein clearing, mosaic or purple veins, turn small, crinkled and misshapen, and vines are stunted with short joints.

Vines turn bushy with many side shoots and tiny pale leaves, and the plant forms few or no roots.

Many thin shoots bunch at the top like a broom, leaves turn small and yellow, stems dry back, and roots stay small with brown streaks inside.

Round purple brown spots with a yellow edge ooze yellow drops and spread fast in rainy weather until the whole leaf collapses.

Plants grow in stunted yellow patches that wilt at midday, and pinhead sized white to golden cysts cling to the roots.

Dark brown spots with yellow edges start on older leaves and stalks, then join until the tops blacken and dry as if scorched.

Small water soaked spots on the leaves grow into yellowish then brown spots with white centers that run together.

Leaves turn mottled yellow and green with blisters, stay small and twisted, and fruits come out bumpy or spotted.

Round brown to black spots with rings like a target and a yellow halo appear on older leaves, and heads may show dark specks.

Leaves show pale flecks, rings or silvery mottling, shoot tips stand up stiff, and plants infected young stay small and bear little.

Raised white blisters under the leaves burst into white powder, with yellow patches above and twisted, swollen shoots.

Black lesions climb the stem from the base, the crown rots and the whole plant wilts, and fruits rot under white mold in wet weather.

Flowers and young fruits turn soft and wet, then grow whiskers of fungus with tiny black heads, like a pincushion.

Brown V shaped spots start at the leaf edge, and the stem near the base gets long brown lesions that crack and ooze gum.

Young leaves show light and dark green mottling, turn narrow and twisted, and the plant stays stunted.

Small water soaked spots on the leaves turn brown with dead centers, and fruits get raised, rough, scabby spots.

Berries get soft brown spots, often under the green cap, that grow a gray dusty mold.

Leaves show light and dark green patches, pucker and twist, and the plants grow slowly.

Small water soaked spots turn angular and black between the veins, dry out papery, and heads can rot from the outer leaves.

Small yellow spots turn brown with tiny black dots inside and spread over leaves and stalks until the leaves dry up.

Small deep purple spots appear on the leaves, their centers turn gray to white, and many spots merge and kill the leaf.

Outer leaves brown along the edges and between the veins and collapse, while the inner leaves stay green and the plant stays small.

Small pale yellow water soaked spots on the leaves grow into long tan to brown blotches that dry the leaves from the tips.

Local names: kulot

Leaves show yellow streaks or stripes, turn flat, crinkled and floppy, and plants and bulbs stay small.

Planting pieces turn red then black inside from the cut ends and smell like ripe pineapple, and the shoots die or stay stunted and yellow.

Several unopened spear leaves pile up, the old fronds yellow and droop, and hard brown brackets grow on the lower trunk.

A long black whip covered in a thin silvery skin grows out of the top of the stalk and sheds black powder.

Thin white pencil lines run along the leaves, the leaves later dry from the tips, and side shoots sprout along the stalk.

The young leaves in the center turn yellow brown, rot at the base and pull out easily with a foul smell.

Plants wilt and stunt, the roots blacken and rot, and the stem turns black from the base, with the dried pith inside often split into discs.

Angular, water soaked spots between the leaf veins turn brown and black, with black streaks along the veins and stems.

Light green to yellow streaks and stripes run along the leaf blade, and the plant grows smaller.

Leaves curl and roll upward, and the leaf stalks and sheaths show spindle shaped streaks like a cucumber skin.

Brown spots with a yellow halo and darkened veins that look like fish bones, and the leaves yellow and fall out of season.

Leaves bunch into rosettes, many thin limbs sprout from one node and the internodes stay short, like a broom.

Round brown spots with a pale yellow ring appear on mature leaves, then the leaves yellow and drop until the canopy is thin and latex output falls.

Small yellow spots on young nursery seedlings turn brown with a yellow ring and join into dry patches, and badly hit seedlings stunt or die.

Local names: agiw

White cobweb threads, then a pink crust, cover the branches near the forks, and the leaves above die but stay hanging.

Wet dark patches on the trunk bark ooze reddish brown gum, seedlings die back, and fruits get water soaked spots that turn brown, crack and rot.

Fuzzy round green to orange spots on the upper side of the leaves, and black rough spots on guava fruit.

Leaves lose their gloss, turn yellow, curl down and fall, and thick white threads cover the roots and the collar, with orange brackets at the base later.

Trees slowly decline with small yellowing leaves, twig dieback and pits in the wood under the bark, often together with greening.

Dark sticky gum oozes from cracked bark near the base of the trunk, the bark underneath turns brown and rots, and the canopy yellows and thins.

Raised corky pale orange to brown warts form on young leaves, twigs and fruits, and badly hit leaves crinkle and twist.

Raised corky brown spots with a yellow ring and an oily, glazed edge appear on leaves, twigs and fruits.

Fruits darken to brown and black from the stem end or a wound, the flesh turns dry and corky, and black sooty spores cover the skin.

Roots show dark red to black lesions and snap easily, plants stay small with light bunches, and heavy plants topple over in wind or rain.

Spindle shaped streaks run along the leaves and leaf stalks, and the heart bracts and inner leaf sheaths show a dark reddish brown mosaic, mostly on saba and latundan.

Older leaves and the fruit peel get many tiny raised black dots that feel rough like sandpaper, and the blemished fruit sells poorly.

Angular water soaked spots on leaves and leaf stalks spread into a soft rot of the crown, the top of the plant collapses, and fruits get firm sunken spots.

Young fruits get grey brown corky spots that roughen and twist the skin, and leaves show brown rough spots on the underside.

Male flowers and young fruits turn soft and brown, get covered with grey black fuzzy mold, and then drop.

Leaves turn pale, small and wilted, branches die back from the top and feeder roots are black and rotten, worst on wet poorly drained soil.

Raised brown corky scabs form on young fruits and leaves and later merge into rough patches on the skin.

White powdery growth covers young flushes, flowers and young fruits, which turn brown, grow short spines, stay small and drop.

Leaves two or three behind the shoot tip turn yellow with small green spots and fall within days, and the branch dies back with brown streaks in the wood.

Small sunken white or orange spots on the stems become rusty brown corky cankers that crack and leave holes, and fruits get spots too.

The leaves fill with tiny spots, pinkish to reddish brown, each with a pale whitish middle.